Answer:
Molecules which move against the concentration gradient across the cell membrane employ the mechanism of active transportation.
Explanation:
Normally, permitted molecules moves across the cell membrane of the cell by the process of diffusion and osmosis. This is used when molecules move from hypertonic region to hypotonic region (if ions) and hypotonic to hypertonic (if water). This is a passive transportation which do not require the expense of energy from the cell.
In contrast, when molecules move in or out of the cell against their concentration gradient, that is ions moving from hypotonic region to hypertonic region, they implore the expense of energy in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the involvement of the membrane carrier proteins. This is called active transport.
We know, DNA is the main molecule by which scientists can learn about evolution by comparing the DNA structure between two different organisms.
But, in addition to DNA (which is most helpful & important) still, there are 3 molecules that can help us, They are:
1) RNA : - It is found in cytoplasm, as DNA transfers it's codes into RNA during Central dogma, it can help us in evolution studies.
2) Proteins: - Another helpful feature, into which RNA transforms in Central Dogma.
3) Pseudogenes: - It is also known as "Non-coding DNA" It is extra <span>DNA in a genome that do not get transcribed into RNA to synthesize proteins. They can also help us in Evolutionary studies.
Hope this helps!</span>
cloudiness rain and animals brudda.
Genetic variation is an effect
