Pope Urban II calls the first crusade - this event was caused as Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an appeal to Urban for assistance. Urban united Christian Europe to fight against the Turks to take back the Holy Land.
Urban degraded Muslims in speeches with exaggerating stories of anti-Christian acts, giving the united Christian Europe a common enemy and a promised reward.
The Christians were, however, initially beaten back due to inexperience and lack of discipline.
Hope this helps!
The best option from the list would be that both sides "<span>attacked industrial regions to destroy the other side’s industry," since this was the first "total war" in which nothing was technically "off limits" for attack. </span>
I would say D is the correct answer.
The Old Regime began in the 15th Century. It was a feudal, monarchial type of
government where the Church and nobility are the dominant forces in
society. It was time of absolute
monarchy and development of centralized government. Though there was a period of prosperity, it
would later lead to decline and revolution.
