A group of Chinese women with PCOS who were receiving treatment saw several metabolic and hormonal imbalances improve after taking BBR. The primary consequences may be connected to the modifications in body composition in obesity and dyslipidemia. For the evaluation of the possible beneficial metabolic effects of BBR in women with PCOS, additional controlled trials are required.
PCOS:
- Objective: Insulin resistance is a common metabolic and reproductive condition called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (IR). A quinoline derivative alkaloid known as berberine (BBR) has been utilized as an insulin sensitizer and is isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs. There may be a therapeutic benefit for PCOS from BBR. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of BBR and metformin (MET) on the metabolic characteristics of PCOS-affected women.
- Design and methods: Ninety nine PCOS and IR patients were randomly assigned to one of three therapy groups: BBR+ compound cyproterone acetate (CPA;
), MET
CPA
, and placebo CPA 
for 
months. Before and after the treatment period, metabolic and hormonal measures as well as the clinical characteristics of the women were evaluated. - Results: Reduced waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR;P<
), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC; P<
), as well as increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; P<) were all observed following treatment with BBR as compared to MET. Similarly, BBR treatment decreased WHR, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model evaluation for IR, area under the insulin curve, TC, LDLC, and TG (P<), while increasing HDLC and SHBG (P<) as compared to placebo.
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The hereditary form of hypertension is detected when the adrenal gland produces too much aldosterone.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Hypertension is an important risk factor for several cardiovascular disease. If prolonged it damages the blood vessels causing malfunctioning of the heart, kidneys and brain. Hypertension can be caused due to various genetic or environmental factors.
There are cases where familial hypertension are detected. This is caused due to the mutation in a single gene which is passed on to the generations where even in young age the children are seen affected with hypertension.
This in medical terms is termed as familial hyperaldosteronism type II. This is occurred due to the mutation in CLCN2 gene. It tends to produce too much of aldosterone hormone which causes high blood pressure.
Answer:
The correct answer is option B. The contraction forces of the innervated muscle fibers.
Explanation:
Electromyography or EMG is the study of muscle activity with the help of analyzing electric signals that are burst or generated by the contraction of the muscle fibers. In other words, it is the electrical activity of the skeletal muscles in response to a nerve's stimulation of the muscle.
EMG uses the myoelectric signals to analyze muscle that is generated during the contraction forces of the inverted muscle fibers of the skeletal muscle.
Thus, the correct answer is option B. The contraction forces of the innervated muscle fibers.
Answer: D. Jacob and Monod
Explanation:
An operon is a region of DNA that consists of a single gene regulated by more than one promoter. An operon is a region of RNA that consists of the coding regions of more than one gene. RNA polymerase is the enzyme that binds to promoters and transcribes the coding regions of genes into RNA.
Jacques Monod was the first to demonstrate the preference for certain substrates over others through his studies of E. coli’s growth when cultured in the presence of two different substrates simultaneously.
Answer:
Chemical
Explanation:
An apple has energy stored within fructose and glucose inside of it, which is a form of chemical energy. A typical apple has about 90 kilo calories of energy inside of it, which is enough to raise the temperature of 90 liters of water by 1 degree Celsius. Hope this helps!
