Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": inefficiencies result when incentives to produce are reduced.
Explanation:
Equity-efficiency tradeoff takes place when attempting to optimize the production efficiency, distribution of wealth is diminished. The concept is always linked to moral philosophy because it implies taking about how people organize themselves in the way to produce and share their goods in a fairly. According to this point of view, when there is not enough motivation to produce inefficiencies arise.
Answer:
Downward communication
Explanation:
Downward communication in a formal structure is the flow of information in terms of orders, appreciation, encouragement from higher authority to subordinates across the organization.
Upward communication in the form of feedback and problems flow from lower level employees to upper level. Here, the board of directors are top level employees who have passed the message to the employees to raise the level of service. This is a form of downward communication.
Keynes would most likely oppose a plan for government control of all the manufacturing companies.
Answer:
substantive.
Explanation:
Substantive decisions in a company are those that will directly influence organizational results.
In centralized organizations, decision-making processes are essentially taken at the top of the hierarchy, it is only the leader who makes important company decisions.
In a decentralized organization, however, there is greater flexibility, which consists of integrating the decision-making process at all hierarchical levels, as it is believed that there is a reduction in the response time of the decision, greater understanding of the problem by employees who are experiencing it and motivate them and increase their job satisfaction.
