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A widening gap between the rich and the poor is the condition that contributed to eventual downfall of the republic
As Rome grew, the gap between rich and poor grew wider. Many of Rome´s rich landowners lived on huge estates. Thousands of enslaved persons—many of whom had been captured peoples in various wars—were forced to work on these estates. Small farmers found it difficult to compete with the large estates run by the labor of enslaved people. Many of these farmers were former soldiers. A large number of them sold their land to wealthy landowners and became homeless and jobless.
Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius attempted to help Rome´s poor. As tribunes they proposed such reforms as limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor.
Rome's increasingly wealth and expanding boundaries brought many problems. The most serious were growing discontent among the lower classes of society and a breakdown in military order. These problems led to a shake of the republic and the emergence of a new political system
The Age of Enlightenment came up with new ideas that reordered politics and government drastically. These philosophers and the democratic governments that they created had a deep effect on the American and French revolutions.
Starting in the 1600s, European philosophers began arguing on who should rule and govern a nation. As the absolute rule of kings destabilized, Enlightenment philosophers debated for various forms of democracy.
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Strikes aren't a thing of the past. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 20 major labor strikes occurred in 2018 and 25 occurred in 2019. Most of these strikes involved workers in the education, health care, and social service sectors.
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It was Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. It became a sanctuary for Huguenots, the French Calvinists, who suffered persecution in France, and also for Jews who had flown from Spain and Portugal where their options were to convert or to be burned. There they could settle and worship. Jews invested in the local stock market and opened synagogues in Amsterdam.
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