Among the non-mammalian vertebrates, the cloaca is an anatomical structure that function as a shared pathway for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. Cloaca in vertebrates, common chamber and outlet into which the intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts open. It is present in amphibians, reptiles, birds, elasmobranch fishes, and monotremes. Cloaca is not present in placental mammals or in most bony fish.
The correct answer is A !
Answer: A group of scientists wants to determine whether a relationship exists between alcohol consumption and certain types of cancer. To this end, scientists provide study participants with a questionnaire asking them how many alcoholic drinks they have per week and what diseases they have (if any). These scientists provide subjects with a similar questionnaire annually (for a decade). These scientists are performing an ASSOCIATION STUDY.
Explanation: Association study is observational study in different individuals to see if a particular behavioral pattern (such as alcohol consumption) can be associated with certain type of disease (such as cancer).
Information collected from the questionnaires distributed will be subjected to statistical analysis and conclusion(s) will be made.
<span>Permafrost, or permanently frozen subsoil, characterizes Tundra</span>
Answer and explanation:
One of the unordered forms of the dying cell is necrosis.
Necrosis is caused by lesions that impede internal balance control: water and some ions, especially sodium and calcium, normally pumped out, flow freely into the swelling and rupturing cell. The necrosis rupture releases into the surrounding tissue cellular content, rich in proteases, enzymes that "cut" other proteins, and other toxic substances. In addition to direct toxicity to neighboring cells, the stroke generates substances that attract immune cells, causing an intense inflammatory reaction: some types of white blood cells, especially neutrophils and macrophages, converge to necrosis tissue and ingest dead cells. Inflammation, typical of necrosis, is important for limiting infections and removing cell debris, but white blood cell activity and secretions can also damage neighboring, sometimes devastating, normal tissues.
