The Persian empire was successful is because of their tolerance of non Persian citizens living in Persia. Persia also conquered many places making it successful.
The anti-federalist felt that the constitution would give too much power to the federal government. They basically were opposed because of what was in it or what wasn't in it because of fear that their civil liberties would be stripped off due to everyone functioning off of the constitution. They more so wanted a bill of rights to proclaim all the liberties a citizen is granted to avoid this.
I would think that it is C but I'm not that sure so get more answers.
The period between the end of the middle ages and the present
(apex)
Yes, in some areas Euopean impeialism was still eient after WW1.