Answer:
Democracy itself is defined through the concept of institution. A democracy, Przeworski told us, is possible when the relevant political forces can find institutions that give a reasonable guarantee that their interests will not be affected in an extremely adverse way in democratic competition, that is, when interests are subjected to institutionalized uncertainty. (1986). Trust in institutions is closely linked to political culture. Almond and Verba in The Civic Culture: political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (1963) in a study carried out in 1959, they detect that in what they call a modern society there is much more participation, the key for them would be in the political culture. This refers to the attitude of individuals towards the political system and the role they play as individuals within it. Both attitudes, according to Almond and Verba, can be appreciated through certain patterns of orientation towards the political objects of a nation. These patterns can be of four forms: political orientation, which refers to the internalization of the objects of the political system and the relationships between these objects: the cognitive orientation of the system, which refers to the knowledge of what there is, for example the results of public policy; affective orientation, which focuses on feelings towards the political system, its roles, and functioning; and finally, evaluative orientation, which unites the elements of the previous orientations and allows generating evaluative criteria. Trust in institutions permeates these three levels of political orientation. Finally, Frederick C. Turner and John D. Martz (1997) have analyzed the case of Latin America, where the trust of citizens in institutions is an essential factor for the consolidation of democracy. Ludolfo Paramio (1999) argues that party identification and trust in institutions are conditions for the proper functioning of democracy. In short, institutions are the basis, feed and give value to democracy through various mechanisms at different times. March and Olsen (2006) point out that there are various theoretical approaches to institutions that are distinguished mainly by: first, how they conceive the nature of institutions; second, how they explain the processes that translate into structures and rules and their political impacts, and, lastly, the processes that turn human behavior into rules and structures to maintain, transform or eliminate institutions
Answer:
c. May file a qui tam suit in connection with an FFCA case.
Explanation:
The False Claims Act, also known as anti fraud law, (31 U.S.C. Sections 3729 through 3733) is considered to be the earliest qui tam law (which otherwise means "in the name of the King"), was first passed into law in 1863 and then later got amended in 1943 and 1986.
Hence, under the the False Claims Act, qui tam allows an individual or group of people (which are often referred to as whistle blower) with tenable proof of fraud against federal programs or contracts to sue the culprit on behalf of the United States Government. Thus, the government has the right to join or intervene in the action, however, should the government refused to join in the action, the whistleblower or the private plaintiff can proceed in the proceedings.
It is also pertinent to note that, a "qui tam" action can be filed in a federal district court in camera, under seal and in accordance to federal rules of civil procedure.
There are protection provisions provided for whistleblower under FFCA (Federal False Claims Act) and they are:
1. Reinstatement to work
2. Payment of double back pay
3. Compensation for any special damages such as cost of litigation process.
H
Answer:
Explanation:
I know that climate change is a very serous problem that occurs from Carbon dioxide is the main cause of human-induced global warming and associated climate change.When burnt, fossil fuels release carbon dioxide into the air, causing the planet to heat up.The earth is protected by the ozone layer and when climate change occurs the ozone layers are been eaten away at destroying and futhering climate.This is known as ozone depletion
U.S. Custom Service will fall under Illegal Immigration Control, or whatever name it qualifies under.
Federal Protective Service will be under the United States Marshal Service.
Hope this helps, have a nice day!
Answer:
The communal characteristic is: sensitivity.
Explanation:
Communal characteristics or traits refer to people's tendency to be altruistic, friendly, and expressive. Therefore, a person with communal characteristics is often more empathetic and nurturing. Sensitivity is, therefore, a communal trait. Women tend to be more effective in tasks or environments that demand more communal characteristics. However, when they find themselves in positions of command or leadership, they are often expected to leave those traits aside and act in a more masculine way.
