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klasskru [66]
3 years ago
7

During a humoral immune response, which of the following happens when a pathogen is recognized?

Biology
2 answers:
GarryVolchara [31]3 years ago
8 0
I believe the answer is B. <span>The antibodies on B cells bind to the antigens on the pathogen's surface.
</span>
Papessa [141]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Memory B cells divide to form plasma cells that surround the pathogen.

Explanation:

Acquired immunity is gained after birth and is usually pathogen specific. When our body encounters the pathogen for the first time, the response produced is called primary response, which is weak or we can say of low intensity. During subsequent attacks the response produced is called secondary response which is quick and of high intensity.

Both primary and secondary immune response is due to two types of cells called B-cells and T-cells.  These cells provide two types of acquired immunity:

1. Humoral immunity: The B-cells produce an army of proteins is response to the pathogen. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells.

2. Cell mediated immunity: It is mediated by T-cells. T cells do not produce antibodies but they help B cells to produce them. Some T cells differentiate into helper T cells which help activating the B cells to produce antibodies.

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A forest has two groups of plants that appear to be very similar both phenotypically and genotypically. The major difference is
Gennadij [26K]
The basics would be that you'd need to find out if they could exchange genetic information. If not, they couldn't be considered part of one species. Set-up 2 artificial environments so both groups would produce pollen at the same time. Fertilise both plants with the other's pollen. Then fertilise the plants with pollen from their own group. 
Count the number of offspring each plant produces. 
If the plants which were fertilised by the opposite group produce offspring, they are of the same species. You can then take this further if they are of the same species by analysing if there is any difference between the number (and health) of offspring produced by the crossed progeny and by the pure progeny. You'd have to take into account that some of them would want to grow at different times, so a study of the progeny from their first sprout until death (whilst emulating the seasons in your ideal controlled environment). Their success could then be compared to that of the pure-bred individuals. 
Make sure to repeat this a few times, or have a number of plants to make sure your results are accurate. 
Or if you couldn't do the controlled environment thing, just keep some pollen one year and use it to fertilise the other group. 
I'd also put a hypothesis in there somewhere too. 
The independent variable would be the number of plants pollinated. The dependant variable would be the number of progeny (offspring) produced. 
5 0
3 years ago
A student drew the following flowchart to show the movement of nutrients
Veronika [31]

Answer:

I think it is sugar, as it is using sugar to grow.

5 0
3 years ago
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What species of the genus homo was the first to have bigger brains and limb proportions similar to modern humans, to use fire, a
Ket [755]

The extinct ancient human Homo erectus is a species of firsts. It was the first of our relatives to have human-like body proportions, with shorter arms and longer legs relative to its torso.

<h3>What are Homo erectus?</h3>

Homo erectus, an extinct species of Pleistocene archaic human, first appeared about 2 million years ago. Several human species, including H. heidelbergensis and H. antecessor, seem to have diverged from H. erectus, with the former being largely accepted as the ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans. Among the first recognizable representatives of the genus Homo are its specimens. The first known ancestor of modern humans, H. erectus, had a continental range that stretched from the Iberian Peninsula to Java. H. floresiensis and possibly H. luzonensis may have its origins in Asian populations of Homo erectus. H. erectus soloensis, from Java, dates to a time period between 117,000 and 108,000 years ago.

To learn more about Homo erectus from the given link:

brainly.com/question/13542251

#SPJ4

8 0
2 years ago
Which of the following best describes the what happens during gene expression?
hoa [83]
I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is option A. During gene expression, a cell reads the instructions in dna and builds a protein based on those instructions. Gene expression <span>is the process by which information from a </span>gene<span> is used in the synthesis of a functional </span>gene<span> product.</span>
8 0
3 years ago
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Which could be a pathway of food through an ecosystem?​
algol13

Answer:

Sun > Grass > Deer > Lion

Explanation:

The sun begins a food chain because its light is needed for a plant, in this case grass, to grow.

An animal that eats grass is the deer, who is a primary consumer.

An animal that eats deer is the lion, who is a tertiary consumer in this case.

The lion has no natural predator, and thus is at the top of this food chain.

This ecosystem can be one found where grass, deer and lions exist, for example, the deciduous forest in the eastern United States.

6 0
3 years ago
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