This follows the all-or-none principle, which states that the strength of the response of a nerve or muscle fiber does not depend on the strength of the stimulus acted upon it. If the stimulus is more that a certain threshold, the impulse will have a complete response, or otherwise none at all.
También contienen fibras de tejido conectivo que les aporta su elasticidad característica. En el epitelio alveolar se pueden distinguir células planas de tipo I y células en forma de cubo del tipo II. Su función principal es mediar el intercambio gaseoso entre el aire y la sangre.
Cytokines are those molecules that are used for cell signaling, or cell-to-cell communication
Cytokines can be used to communicate with neighboring or distant cells about initiating an immune response
Cytokines are also used to trigger cell trafficking, or movement, to a specific area of the body
The innate immune system is made of defenses against infection that can be activated immediately once a pathogen attacks
Mast cells are found in mucous membranes and connective tissues, and are important for wound healing and defense against pathogens via the inflammatory response
When mast cells are activated, they release cytokines and granules that contain chemical molecules to create an inflammatory cascade
The cytokines released during this process act as a messenger service, alerting other immune cells to make their way to the area of infection or to be on alert for circulating threats
Organisms with higher fitness means that they have survived to an advanced age.
Explanation:
Fitness describes how successful organisms are at reproduction, survival, and mating. An organism is fit by how they survive and produce offspring, to do that, they need to live to an advanced age than organisms without fitness.
The answer is The chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell and begin to be incorporated into two new nuclei. This is the answer because in telophase, the chromosomes that are lined up in the middle of the cell are pulled apart and start to form two nuclei for the daughter cells. To help remember this you can think of the "T" in telophase as Two, because the cell has now formed two nuclei for the daughter cells.