Question

An organism mounts an immune response in which cells release cytokines and various other molecules that immediately begin to attack and kill pathogens. The cells initiating this response are most likely _______ cells.

Answer 1

Mast Cells

Explanation:

• Cytokines are those molecules that are used for cell signaling, or cell-to-cell communication
• Cytokines can be used to communicate with neighboring or distant cells about initiating an immune response
• Cytokines are also used to trigger cell trafficking, or movement, to a specific area of the body
• The innate immune system is made of defenses against infection that can be activated immediately once a pathogen attacks
• Mast cells are found in mucous membranes and connective tissues, and are important for wound healing and defense against pathogens via the inflammatory response
• When mast cells are activated, they release cytokines and granules that contain chemical molecules to create an inflammatory cascade
• The cytokines released during this process act as a messenger service, alerting other immune cells to make their way to the area of infection or to be on alert for circulating threats