Natural selection is the process by which individuals who are best suited to the environment tend to leave (on average) more offspring than others.
Evolutionary changes take place over many generations and through millions of years of natural selection. For the genes to survive, they must be among the strongest.
Intellectual Property Rights are certain legal laws framed by the government of a country to ensure that the formulation, procedure of synthesis and monopoly of production of certain novel commodities remain with the inventor or discoverer of the commodities in form of patents.
According to the question, the legalization of the production of a particular pharmaceutical drug solely by the company Merck through patents prevents other companies from producing the same drug by copying the formulation of the drug from Merck.
Hence, the Merck company gets the monopolistic control on the production of the particular pharmaceutical drug and it can determine the price of the drugs as per not only its research and development costs but also as per its profit margin.
This is because Merck lacks any competitor in the pharmaceutical market as far as the particular pharmaceutical drug is concerned, who could produce and sell the drug at reduced prices.
Hence, the price of the pharmaceutical drug would be high causing the consumers to pay more and suffer losses for consuming the drug.
