Question

Who were the top government officials in the Roman Repulic and what were there duties

Answer 1

The consul of the Roman Republic was the highest ranking ordinary magistrate. Two Consuls were elected every year, and they had supreme power in both civil and military matters. Throughout the year, one Consul was superior in rank to the other Consul, and this ranking flipped every month, between the two Consuls. Praetors administered civil law, presided over the courts, and commanded provincial armies.  Another magistrate, the Censor, conducted a census, during which time they could appoint people to the senate.  Aediles were officers elected to conduct domestic affairs in Rome, and were vested with powers over the markets, and over public games and shows.  Quaestors usually assisted the consuls in Rome, and the governors in the provinces with financial tasks. Two other magistrates, the Plebeian Tribunes and the Plebeian Aediles, were considered to be the representatives of the people. Thus, they acted as a popular check over the senate (through their veto powers), and safeguarded the civil liberties of all Roman citizens.