Answer:
any time a source of energy is obtain using natural means, the 10 % rule will apply. 10 % rule means when energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to next, only 10% of the energy will be passed on. A trophic level is the position of organism in the food chain.
So Quaternary consumers are at the top position in the food chain, they will receive less energy from the food as compared to the primary consumers which are at the bottom of the food chain. so when getting less food and less energy, Because of this, the populations of Quaternary consumers are usually the smallest out of the populations in the food chain.
The cell interior would experience higher than normal Na⁺ concentrations and lower than normal K⁺ concentrations.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>:</h3>
The membranes that contain high concentration of sodium potassium ATPase pumps are generally the excitable membranes. These are found in muscles and in neurons.
In normal scenario, the de polarised membrane has higher potassium concentration inside and higher sodium concentration outside it. Now as an impulse comes, the sodium channels open which creates sodium influx and then potassium channels open which let's potassium efflux. Then after the conduction of impulse is over, the membrane regains its de polarised state by the sodium potassium ATPase pumps which transfers three potassium outside the cell and two potassium inside the cell in exchange of an ATP.
Now if the ATP is non hydrolyzable, then the pump won't occur. This will lead to greater sodium inside the cell and greater potassium outside the cell but the change difference will be nil on both sides.
Nzymes are highly selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction. The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates. The substrates bind to a region on the enzyme called the active site. There are two theories explaining the enzyme-substrate interaction.
Streak isn't a category for the luster of the minerals.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>:</h3>
Luster is the property of a metal which marks the shiny and bright property of the metals. The elements are divided into two categories based on their shining property.
One class is very shiny and light can undergo direct reflection from its surface. They are the lustrous substances, mostly metals. They are said to have metallic luster.
The other group has the gross, greasy, waxy, pearly appearance which dont have any shiny property. They are said to have non metallic or submetallic luster.
