The energy release from sequential redox reactions provides energy to cells most directly by Using that energy to pump protons.
- By transferring electrons during chemical reactions, catabolic pathways break down organic molecules, generating energy that is then used to produce ATP.
- In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the process of losing electrons (making a chemical more positive) is referred to as oxidation, while the process of gaining electrons (making a substance more negative) is referred to as reduction.
- The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron transport chain receives electrons from NADH and FADH2, which causes an H+ accumulation in the inner membrane space.
- The direct energy source for ATP synthesis is this proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing via the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase.
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Answer:
technology has helped make the daily lives of people easer. it has also caused lost of problems such as using up all of the fossil fuels. it has also let to pollution and global warming.
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