Hello. You did not present a diagram to which the question refers. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
The income effect is the term related to the increase or decrease in the consumer's purchasing power in relation to the fluctuation in the price of consumer products and the value of the national currency. On the other hand, the substitution effect refers to the impact between the variation of the consumers' income value and the product's prices.
Answer:
c. $154,000.
Explanation:
According to the difference value technique, the average difference between audited value and book value for the sample should be replicated for the whole population of 4,000 accounts. The average difference per account is:

This means that the audited value is $1 greater than the book value for each account, assuming 4,000 accounts with a book value of $150,000, the audited value is:

Estimated total audited value of the population is: c. $154,000.
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I believe that the answer to the question provided above is that <span> households would change their saving behavior enough in response to this to make a difference, since everyone has their choice of saving or not.</span>
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Answer:
D. Concentrating on looking at the message from the receiver's perspective.
Explanation:
When writing a business message, it is important to ensure that the perspective of the receiver is considered. There are two sides to a message; the speaker and the receiver. By making a business writtings audience oriented, it means that thoughts of the receiver or audience is considered alongside the message.
Although other skills such as; present ideal clearly but concise, attempt to get your audience to believe and accept your message, write to solve a problem or convey information are essential qualities of business writtings, yet do not point to audience oriented message.