The answer for the following question is explained below.
Therefore the total number of orbitals are " 9 ".
Explanation:
Orbital:
An orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron,electron pair,or the nucleons.
The total number of orbitals present in the 3rd energy level is 9.
Here,
A 3 s subshell has only one orbital.
A 3 p subshell has three orbitals.
A 3 d subshell has five orbitals.
Therefore the total number of orbitals is:
3 s = 1 orbital
3 p = 3 orbitals
3 d = 5 orbitals
total orbitals in 3rd energy level is = 1 + 3 + 5 =9
Therefore the total number of orbitals are " 9 ".
Answer: n-Butanol are converted using SN2 and tert-butanol is converted using SN1
Explanation: For the conversion of n-butanol into butyl chloride using Hydrogen Chloride the reaction would follow SN2 mechanism.
SN2 reaction mechanism occurs only in the case of primary substrates as it is a one step mechanism that happens in a concerted manner. It involves backside attack of nucleophile on the substrate such that the nucleophile attacks from the back side and leaving group leaves from the front side.
In this reaction since hydroxy group (OH) is not a good leaving group hence firstly we need to convert it into a good leaving group. When we treat n-butanol with HCl hydroxy group is protonated and now it turns into a good leaving group as it can leave as H₂O.
Cl⁻ here acts as nucleophile and now attacks the primary carbon center from the back side which contains the protonated hydroxy group as a leaving group.
In the case of tertiary butanol the reaction follows SN1 mechanism and it is 2 step mechanism.
In the first step hydroxy group is protonated and as it becomes a good leaving group it leaves and leads to the formation of a stable tertiary carbocation as an intermediate.
In the second step this intermediate carbocation is attacked by the Cl⁻ nucleophile which leads to the formation of tertiary butyl chloride.
Kindly find in attachment the reaction mechanism for both the reactions.
Answer:
Water forms the basis of almost every type of cosmetic product, including creams, lotions, makeup, deodorants, shampoos and conditioners. Water plays an important part in the process, often acting as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients and forming emulsions for consistency.
Explanation:
328.95 g/l because you multiply
Answer:low lattice energy for the solid and a high hydration energy for its ions
Explanation:
The lattice energy is the energy that holds the ions in the crystal lattice together. This energy must also be supplied for the lattice to disintegrate into its component ions. When this energy is lower than the energy released during the hydration of ions, the lattice easily breaks apart releasing the ions which are now strongly hydrated and the ionic solid is said to be soluble in water. Hence, solubility is favoured by lower lattice energy and higher hydration energy.