Answer:
ᗷEᑕᗩᑌᔕE
ITᔕ ᐯEᖇY IᗰᑭOᖇTᗩᑎT Iᑎ ᗰᗩᖇKET ᑕOᑎᑭETITIᐯEᑎEᔕᔕ. ITᔕ IᗰᑭOᖇTᗩᑎT ᗷEᑕᗩᑌᔕE ᗷEᑕᗩᑌᔕE YOᑌ ᑕᗩᑎ ᒪEᗩᖇᑎ ᗩᗷOᑌT ᗷᑌIᔕEᑎEᔕᔕ, Oᑎ ᕼOᗯ IT ᗯOᖇKᔕ ᗩᑎᗪ Oᑎ TᕼEIᖇ E᙭EᖇIEᑎᑕEᔕ. TᕼIᔕ Iᔕ IᗰᑭOᖇTᗩᑎT TO KEEᑭ TᕼE ᗷᑌIᔕEᑎEᔕᔕ ᔕᑌᑕᑕEᔕᔕᖴᑌᒪ, ᗩᑎᗪ OᖇGᗩᑎIᘔEᗪ.
A is prophase
B is prometaphase
C is metaphase
D is anaphase
When it comes to population evolution and genetics, we cannot fail to cite the Hardy-Weinberg principle which emphasizes that if evolutionary factors such as natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic oscillation do not act on a particular population, the frequencies genotypic proportions will remain constant.
The five requirements for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
- Large-scale breeding population: For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it is important that this population is large, as small populations favor genetic drift (unanticipated fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to another).
- Random mating: In order for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to occur, it is necessary that the mating occur at random, with no preference for certain groups within the population. In this case, we say that the population is in panmixia, that is, they all mate at random.
- No mutations: Mutations alter the total alleles present in a population (gene pool). Therefore, in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population, no mutations should occur.
- No gene flow: When there is gene flow due to migration or immigration of individuals, some genes may be included or excluded from the population. Thus, in an equilibrium situation, no gene flow occurs.
- Lack of natural selection: For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, natural selection must not be acting on it. If natural selection acts, some genotypes will be selected, modifying the allelic frequencies of the population.
Its called as Spawning...Hope this helps
Answer: Many pathogenic fungi are parasitic in humans and are known to cause diseases of humans and other animals. In humans, parasitic fungi most commonly enter the body through a wound in the epidermis (skin). Such wounds may be insect punctures or accidentally inflicted scratches, cuts, or bruises. One example of a fungus that causes disease in humans is Claviceps purpurea, the cause of ergotism (also known as St. Anthony’s fire), a disease that was prevalent in northern Europe in the Middle Ages, particularly in regions of high rye-bread consumption. The wind carries the fungal spores of ergot to the flowers of the rye, where the spores germinate, infect and destroy the ovaries of the plant, and replace them with masses of microscopic threads cemented together into a hard fungal structure shaped like a rye kernel but considerably larger and darker. This structure, called an ergot, contains a number of poisonous organic compounds called alkaloids. A mature head of rye may carry several ergots in addition to noninfected kernels. When the grain is harvested, much of the ergot falls to the ground, but some remains on the plants and is mixed with the grain. Although modern grain-cleaning and milling methods have practically eliminated the disease, the contaminated flour may end up in bread and other food products if the ergot is not removed before milling. In addition, the ergot that falls to the ground may be consumed by cattle turned out to graze in rye fields after harvest. Cattle that consume enough ergot may suffer abortion of fetuses or death. In the spring, when the rye is in bloom, the ergot remaining on the ground produces tiny, black, mushroom-shaped bodies that expel large numbers of spores, thus starting a new series of infections.
