Short notes on the Gutenberg press...
Two modern states characterized by Spartan suppression of the individual are: Nazi Germany and Communist Russia, since these were very extractive and violent institutions (although Nazi Germany was worse).
The slave trade increased in the seventeenth century, as more large-scale agricultural production increased the need for labor. The demand for sugar, a highly profitable crop that grew well in various parts of the Americas, continued to grow. And the Europeans introduced large-scale production of indigo, rice, tobacco, coffee, cocoa, and cotton. Imports of African slaves increased over the latter half of the 17th century and into the 18th. Approximately 1.3 million slaves were exported on the trans-Atlantic route in the 17th century; over 6 million were exported in the 18th century.
Falling prices. Farmers were in dire economic straits because prices for agricultural products such as cotton and wheat had significantly dropped, while consumer prices for goods and services continued to rise. Debt and foreclosure. Working conditions were terible there wasnt no safety and child laboring was occurring.
Military development wasn’t all that advanced in the 1800s, also expansionism and uprisals from colonies were the major cause of war. Also, war tactics were not as aggressive or debastating.
