<h2>Membrane potential </h2>
Explanation:
- Membrane potential represents charge difference across the membrane, all biological cells are negative inside (cytoplasm) and positive outside (due to difference in ionic distribution)
- In a typical neuron cell membrane potential of cytoplasm is negative at rest (when no stimulus is applied) hence called resting membrane potential
- Resting membrane potential of excitable cells is established by Na+ and K+pump
- Repolarization starts with the efflux of K+ by the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
- Voltage gated K+ channels starts to open when voltage gated Na+ channels becomes inactive
- Hyperpolarization occurs due to excessive efflux of K+ by voltage gated K+ channels
- Additional efflux of K+ occurs due to slow inactivation of voltage gated K+ channels
Explanation:
crossing over is a process that happens between human organs chromosome in order to increase general diversity. during crossing over part of one chromosome is exchange with another. the result is a hybrid chromosome with a unique pattern of genetic material. gametes gain the ability to be genetically different from their neighbouring gametes after crossing over occurs. this a loss for genetic diversity which will help cell participate in survival of the fittest and the evolution.
It is an atom with a charge of 0 because a positive atom would be +1 charge and a negative atom would be -1 charge. So neutral would just be 0
Answer:
most likely disruptive selection
Explanation:
pretty sure they will reproduce to make slightly bigger offspring that can hide in rocks and stay warm
