The normal blood pH for adult humans is 7.40, and this pH value is vigorously defended at normal body temperature
Acid base Homeostasis is the method by which body keeps a constant ph
pH is kept under check via different systems
1. Chemical system :bicarbonate buffer system(explained below )
Respiratory component :
2. Respiratory Component: The second line of dense is rapid consisting of the control the carbonic acid concentration in the ECF by changing the rate and depth of breathing by hyperventilation or hypoventilation. This blows off or retains carbon dioxide (and thus carbonic acid) in the blood plasma as required
3.Metabolic component : third line of defense is slow, best measured by the base excess,eand mostly depends on the renal system which can add or remove bicarbonate ions to or from the ECF.Bicarbonate ions are derived from metabolic carbon dioxide which is enzymatically converted to carbonic acid in the renal tubular cells.There, carbonic acid spontaneously dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.When the pH in the ECF falls, hydrogen ions are excreted into urine, while bicarbonate ions are secreted into blood plasma, causing the plasma pH to rise.The converse happens if the pH in the ECF tends to rise: bicarbonate ions are then excreted into the urine and hydrogen ions into the blood plasma.
Buffers usually consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base; this enables them to readily absorb excess H+ or OH–, keeping the system’s pH within a narrow range.
Maintaining a constant blood pH is critical to a person’s well-being. The buffer that maintains the pH of human blood involves carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3–), and carbon dioxide (CO2). When bicarbonate ions combine with free hydrogen ions and become carbonic acid, hydrogen ions are removed, moderating pH changes. Similarly, excess carbonic acid can be converted into carbon dioxide gas and exhaled through the lungs; this prevents too many free hydrogen ions from building up in the blood and dangerously reducing its pH; likewise, if too much OH– is introduced into the system, carbonic acid will combine with it to create bicarbonate, lowering the pH.
Example: Antacids, which combat excess stomach acid, are another example of buffers.
ECF =Extra cellular fluid
You can draw a free body diagram with two 250N forces acting on the human, one from each side. The net force is 0 because the two applied forces cancel each other out since they are in opposite directions.
A daughter cell that matures to the inside of the vascular cambium becomes<u> secondary xylem</u> and a daughter cell that matures to the outside of the vascular cambium becomes <u>secondary phloem.</u>
<u />
- The cambium divides its cells to create secondary xylem and phloem. As secondary phloem and xylem tissue builds up, the stem becomes thicker and develops wood and bark.
- The kind of xylem produced by secondary growth is known as secondary xylem. In contrast, during primary growth, the primary xylem develops.
- As a result, lateral growth, as opposed to vertical growth, is connected with the secondary xylem, as opposed to the primary xylem.
- The procambium, which is found between the xylem axis and the phloem pole, develops into the cambium in the root.
- A pattern resembling the arrangement of secondary stem is produced when xylem forms in the core and phloem on the perimeter of secondary development.
learn more about vascular cambium here: brainly.com/question/859907
#SPJ4
To digest means your body reacts to what u consume
C clouds
Clouds form when the invisible water vapor in the air condenses into visible water droplets or ice crystals
