Homogeneous chromosoms pair up
Sound would travel faster in a thick piece of metal since the molecules are closer together. However, since there are more molecules, it would be quieter on the other side than the hollow metal.
Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
One of the reasons for the success of the smallpox eradication campaign was that small pox only occurred in humans. Smallpox is an extremely contagious and deadly virus for which there is no known cure. it is caused by two variants, Variola major and Variola minor. it is a disease of the past that was eliminated by worldwide vaccination.
