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3 years ago

The production of protein molecules through transcription and translation

1 answer:

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Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. RNA polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds and unzips a portion of DNA. RNA nucleotides match the DNA strand forming mRNA. In mRNA thymine is replaced by uracil. Once mRNA is formed it leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. The purpose of mRNA is to remove the protein code out of the nucleus without pulling the DNA out. mRNA then needs to find ribosomes in the cytoplasm which can be found on the rough ER. mRNA has read three bases at the same time and these are called codons. Ribosomes read the mRNA code and add the correct amino acid using tRNA. tRNA has an anti-codon on one end which will match a specific codon, and a specific amino acid on the other end. This will make translation happen.

Translation- mRNA attaches to a ribosome and a start codon must be read. tRNA brings the first amino acid which matches the codon on mRNA. The next tRNA molecule moves in and matches with the codon on mRNA while amino acids form a peptide bond. First tRNA detaches itself and mRNA shifts for the next tRNA molecule to come in. Protein grows until a stop codon is reached and then it's ready to finish folding to become functional.

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Describe the relationship between proteins and nucleic acid

Dmitry [639]

Answer:

Explanation:

Proteins and Nucleic Acids are not similar in structure. They look nothing alike, either as large molecules or in terms of their building blocks. While they're both made up of mostly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the elements are assembled in vastly different ways. The major relationship between the two has to do with protein production -- DNA contains the information that a cell uses, with the help of RNA, to make protein.

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2 years ago

Which part of the plant cell performs photosynthesis ??

Oliga [24]

Photosynthesis is performed in the chloroplasts.

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3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

In order to make a protein the messenge on DNA must be converted to what?

Soloha48 [4]

Explanation:

-mRNA or messenger RNA

DNA wound into chromosomes within the nucleus is unwound, unzipped and read by enzymes in a complex series of steps known as transcription. The message on DNA, called genes is copied by RNA polymerase, to form mRNA complementary sequence to that of the DNA strand.

Further Explanation:

Nucleic acids are comprised of smaller units called nucleotides and function as storage for the body’s genetic information. These monomers include ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They differ from other macromolecules since they don’t provide the body with energy. They exist solely to encode and protein synthesis.

Basic makeup: C, H, O, P; they contain phosphate group 5 carbon sugar, these nitrogen bases which may contain single to double bond ring.

Nucleic acids like DNA stores all of an organism’s genetic information. Nucleic acid molecules comprise the nitrogenous bases Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine and Thymine. Conversely, RNA nucleotides are Adenine, Guanine, Cysteine and Uracil. These pair up as base pairs due to their varied structure- largely influenced by the location of N molecule.

In certain combinations, these bases form codons which act as instructions for protein synthesis. Codons are three nucleotide bases encoding an amino acid or signal at the beginning or end of protein synthesis.

RNA codons determine certain amino acids, so the order in which the bases occur within in the codon sequence designates which amino acid is to be made bus with the four RNA nucleotides (Adenine, Guanine, Cysteine and Uracil). Up to 64 codons (with 3 as stop codons) determine amino acid synthesis. The stop codons ( UAG UGA UAA) terminate amino acid/ protein synthesis while the start codon AUG begins protein synthesis.

Thus, these contribute to the broad diversity of living organisms, as varied combinations of these 64 codons can produce many proteins which can be organized into cells, tissues and organisms.

Learn more about transcription at brainly.com/question/11339456

Learn more about DNA and RNA at brainly.com/question/2416343?source=aid8411316

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3 years ago

Which hormone progesterone or estrogen, is present in *greater* quantities in birth control pills?

podryga [215]

Answer:

estrogen

Explanation:

Birth control pills contain synthetic hormones which are naturally produced by females. These pills are used to prevent ovulation by maintaining a level hormone balance, so no egg is released. Combination pills contain estrogen and progestin, while progestin-only pills (also known as the minipill) don't contain estrogen. Progestins are synthetic hormones that act to mimic the naturally occurring hormone progesterone. Progestin-only pills are recommended in women who cannot take estrogen.

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2 years ago

What occurs after cytokinesis is completed at the end of meiosis i?

Elena L [17]

Answer:

Meiosis II begins

Explanation:

After the cells split in two, the genetic material splits again, resulting in half of the chromosomes, as part of the meiosis II process

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3 years ago