Blank 1: polar
The difference in electronegativity between N and H causes electrons to preferentially orbit N, making the bond polar.
Blank 2: trigonal pyramidal
There are four “things” attached to N - 3 H’s and 1 lone pair of electrons. The four things together are arranged into a tetrahedral formation. However, the lone pairs don’t actually contribute to the shape of the molecule per se; it’s only the actual atoms that do. The lone pair creates a bit of repulsion that pushes the 3 H’s down, creating a trigonal pyramidal shape (as opposed to a trigonal planar one).
Blank 3: polar
The molecule as a whole is also polar because the “things” around it, though arranged in a tetrahedral pattern, are not all the same. The side of the molecule with the lone pair is slightly negative, while the side with the 3 H’s is slightly positive due to the differences in electronegativity described above.
The atomic number (Z) of the 3 elements F, Ne, and Na, are 9, 10, and 11.
Explanation:
Now Z refers to the number of protons in the element's nucleus, and protons are POSITIVELY charged particles. So a fluoride ion, F−, has 10 electrons rather than 9 (why?), a neutral neon atom has 10 electrons, and a sodium ion, Na+, also has 10 electrons (why?).
So the 3 species are ISOELECTRONIC; they possess the same number of electrons.
You should look at the Periodic Table to confirm the electron number. Elements are (usually) electrically neutral (sometimes they can be ionic if they have lost or gained electrons). If there are 10 positively charged protons in the nucleus, there are NECESSARILY 10 electrons associated with the NEUTRAL atom. I don't know WHY I am capitalizing certain WORDS.
You might ask why sodium will form a positive ion, Na+, whereas F forms a negative ion, F−. This again is a Periodic phenomenon, and explicable on the basis of the electronic structure that the Table formalizes.
Neutral metals tend to be electron-rich species, which have 1 or more electrons in a valence shell remote from the nuclear charge. On the other hand, neutral non-metals have valence electrons in incomplete shells, that do not effectively shield the nuclear charge. The demonstrable consequence is that metals lose electrons to form positive ions, whereas non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.
Answer:
Group 1 metals and transition metals are different from each other, mainly based on the colour of the chemical compounds that they form. The key difference between group 1 metals and transition metals is that the group 1 metals form colourless compounds, whereas the transition metals form colourful compounds.
