During the Early Middle Ages, Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire was more advanced than Western Europe. The Byzantines continued to practice Roman culture while most of Western Europe reverted from Roman influence. Classical writings were preserved and copied by Byzantine scholars. Byzantine science was a continuation of Classical Science and it was closely connected with ancient pagan philosophy and metaphysics. They made great innovation in areas of physics, mathematics, and medicine. Byzantines also made advances in architecture such as Cross in Square, Pendentive Dome, and Pointed Arch Bridge. Byzantines had advanced military technology such as the counterweight trebuchet, Greek Fire and incendiary grenades. Their city of Constantinople was protected by the Theodosian Walls which protected them from sieges until the Ottoman Conquest in 1453.
By the year 1787, most Americans decided that the Articles of Confederation were defective and needed at least two main changes. First, almost everybody wanted Congress to have the power to regulate interstate and international commerce. Second, most Americans also sustained granting Congress the power to tax the people. The convention, then known as the Federal Convention, was scheduled to begin on May 14. However, only the representatives from Pennsylvania and Virginia made it there on time. More than a week would pass before there were enough delegates to commence the convention.
Answer:
Political factions or parties began to form during the struggle over ratification of the federal Constitution of 1787. Friction between them increased as attention shifted from the creation of a new federal government to the question of how powerful that federal government would be.
