Question

Describe the physical features and gene contents of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes and discuss the current hypothesis concerning the origins of organelle genomes

Answer 1

Answer: Physically plant's origin chloroplast differs from animal's origin mitochondria.

Explanation:

Physically, chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and take part in photosynthesis and mitochondria lack chlorophyll and take part in cellular respiration. Furthermore, the inner membrane of chloroplast forms thylakoids whereas inner membrane of mitochondria folds to form cristae.

Acccording to the genome, The complete nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes studied presents tha the smaller chloroplast genome contains more genes with a 72% coding sequence, and the larger mitochondrial genome have less genes with 12% of coding sequence. The hypothesis concerning the origin of the organelles genomes is known as the endosymbiotic hypothesis, which concerns the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.According to this hypothesis, these organelles originated as separate prokaryotic organisms that were taken inside a primordial eukaryotic cell.