Answer:
Invertebrates have a very quick life cycle and die very easily, as a result, they evolve very quickly into many different types of animals. also, they are often very small and their ecosystems are subject to much quicker change than that of vertebrates, meaning that mutations in their genes become relevant more often. Many invertebrates span very large areas (sea animals span most of the oceans, insects span entire continents) and so they evolve to be different species in different places.
Or
They do not have bones, they live on water or land, they can have soft bodies or exoskeletons, and others are parasites.
Answer: Mutations can be good or bad.
Explanation:
The answers would be:
Layer D
Layer C
Layer B
Layer A
Layer E
Fault F
If you'd like to know why, here's more about the question:
The law of superpo sition states that the lower the layer, the older the rock is.
Looking at the layers alone, we can say that D is the oldest, and C would be next, so on and so forth.
The law of cross - cutt ing relationships, on the other hand, states that a geologic event, like a fault, is younger than the layer that it goes through.
So if we look at the figure given, the fault goes through all the layers, so we can say that it is younger than all the layers.
<em></em>
Answer:
d) A constitutively active mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to an excess in the amount of glycogen available.
Explanation:
This occurs in the process of Glycogenolysis. The process involves breaking down of glycogen to glucose -1- phosphate and glycogen which helps in the release of glucose into the blood stream to prevent hypoglycemia(low blood sugar). The glucose-1-phosphate is later converted to glucose -6-phosphate. The latter enters the glycolytic pathway in which the reaction is catalysed by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase.
This homeostatic glucose regulation is regulated by the protein kinase(PKA)/ cAMP pathway in the skeletal muscles, the liver and the pancreas.
Answer:
A. 2 speciation events and 5 extinctions
B. 5 speciation events and 1 extinction
Explanation:
As we can see from the diagram, there were only 2 ,aim speciation events for lineage A. The extinction events were 5 for the A lineage. Hence, as the extinction event was more rapid than the speciation event so lineage A contains only one species.
On the other hand, the diagram shows that for lineage B there were 5 speciation events and just 1 extinction event. Hence, the number of species in lineage B were more at the time zero as just one extinction had occurred.
