Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO3−) and H+. The H+ ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift.
Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.
During acclimatization over a few days to weeks, the body produces more red blood cells to counteract the lower oxygen saturation in blood in high altitudes. Full adaptation to high altitude is achieved when the increase of red blood cells reaches a plateau and stops.Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). ... At the beginning of exercise, your body removes the parasympathetic stimulation, which enables the heart rate to gradually increase.
D)all of them
Answer:
alright bet I got this
Explanation:
Have you ever wondered what can happen to those plastic bottles you toss away? How do they decompose? What happens to them? Its simple really, they get eaten! No, not by people of course they are eaten by a tiny critter called a wax worm. The wax worms earn their name because they are often found living in beehives where they eat the beeswax.
Wax worms much like mealworms are used to break down things that would normally be endangering to our environment. These seemingly useless little animals do a whole lot for our environment especially with the amount of waste we produce! They really are a tiny secret hero to todays pollution problem.
After quite a few studies scientists are still unsure on how was worms can breakdown plastic with their tiny bodies but they appreciate the work these little recyclers do. They have a lot of theories on how these worms do this one of the theories is that bacteria can break it down, another theory is that enzymes in the worms intestines break down plastics. Though scientists believe it will take a while to figure this out they enjoy studying and learning more about this tiny helper.
Answer:
The axial skeleton includes all the bones along the body's long axis. ... The axial skeleton includes the bones that form the skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The bones of the appendicular skeleton (the limbs and girdles) “append” to the axial skeleton.
Explanation:
B water pollution is the answer
