Through the many wars and peace congresses of the 18th century, European diplomacy strove to maintain a balance between five great powers: Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia. At the century’s end, however, the French Revolution, France’s efforts to export it, and the attempts of Napoleon I to conquer Europe first unbalanced and then overthrew the continent’s state system. After Napoleon’s defeat, the Congress of Vienna was convened in 1814–15 to set new boundaries, re-create the balance of power, and guard against future French hegemony. It also dealt with international problems internationally, taking up issues such as rivers, the slave trade, and the rules of diplomacy. The Final Act of Vienna of 1815, as amended at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) in 1818, established four classes of heads of diplomatic missions—precedence within each class being determined by the date of presentation of credentials—and a system for signing treaties in French alphabetical order by country name. Thus ended the battles over precedence. Unwritten rules also were established. At Vienna, for example, a distinction was made between great powers and “powers with limited interests.” Only great powers exchanged ambassadors. Until 1893 the United States had no ambassadors; like those of other lesser states, its envoys were only ministers.
The speech that helped Washington to achieve national prominence as a leader in the Civil Rights movement is the Atlanta Exposition Speech. That speech was an agreement among leaders and the rights given among the Southern blacks and white people.
The war grew out of rival ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan. Both of them sought control over Manchuria and Korea.
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The war started when Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea as a Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused, and demanded that Korea north of the 39th parallel be a neutral buffer zone between the two powers. The Japanese government perceived this as a direct threat to its strategic interests from the Russian Empire, and chose to go to war.
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Answer:
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the answer is b
Explanation:
