I believe the answer to this is Black Plague.
The black plague or the black death as some people like to call it was transferred to the people by rodents who had it, they would get black death from fleas that were already sick. This spread throughout England and France.
Hope this helped :)
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The twenty- first pair of chromosomes failed to seperate during meiosis, so aziz received three of these chromosomes rather than the normal two. Aziz has down syndrome.