Answer:
Amniocentesis is an invasive method that involves the aspiration of 10-20 ml of fetal water through the abdominal wall under ultrasound-guided control. In most cases, the procedure is performed around the 16th week of gestation. The fetal water sample contains fetal cells, mostly cells of fetal skin and the epithelium of the urinary tract.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) biopsy is performed between weeks 11 and 12 of gestation. During biopsy, with ultrasound guidance, the tissue of the chorionic fossa is aspirated mainly across the abdomen (transabdominal pathway). The biopsy specimen is of fetal origin and belongs to the outer layer of blastocyst cells or the trophoblast (outer layer of the placenta). Very often, the biopsy specimen contains tissue of the decidua (mucous membrane of the uterus) that is of maternal origin, and it is necessary to remove the maternal tissue before any treatment of the sample.
Explanation:
The amniocentesis procedure carries a risk of miscarriage of 0.5-1%. After aspiration of the fruit of the water, the sample is centrifuged to separate the cells from the amniotic fluid. Separate cells are seeded on a nutrient medium (cell culture) that stimulates cell growth. After about 14 days, the cell culture is further used for various genetic or biochemical analyzes such as karyotyping.
The advantage of chorionic biopsy is the amount of biological material, which is sufficient for the whole a number of different laboratory procedures. Also, a great advantage is the timing of the procedure as it allows diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy, but the chorionic biopsy procedure itself carries a risk of miscarriage of 1-2%.
1. During intense exercise, where the energy output required from the cell exceeds the supply of glucose from the blood.
2. In an ischemic event, where perfusion is either disrupted through a clot, hemorrhage or systemic hypotension.
Answer:
C. Mannose receptor
Explanation:
They are soluble receptors used by macrophages to aid phagocytosis. They are not associated with the phagocyte membrane and thus helps the macrophages to act on cells without getting in contact with the membrane
Given what we know, we can confirm that the fact that Mannitol salt agar can determine which species of Staphylococcus is present makes it an example of a selective differential medium.
<h3>What is a selective differential medium?</h3>
- This type of medium is very similar to that of a differential medium in that it also allows more than one type of microbe to grow.
- It also allows the user to continue to distinguish between the microbe colonies based on biochemical differences.
- However, in contrast to that of a basic differential medium, this differential medium is also selective in that it controls which type of microbe specifically is allowed to grow.
Therefore, we can confirm that since Mannitol salt agar can determine which species of Staphylococcus is present, it can be considered a differential selective medium because it allows multiple microbes to grow while controlling which types are allowed to grow.
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