In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
Learn more about thylakoid
brainly.com/question/11500875
#SPJ4
<span>Every magnet has a north pole and a south pole. Similar poles of two magnets repel each other; opposite poles attract each other.</span>
Answer:
study the material at home at a pace that suits your learning needs.
regroup in the classroom for discussions and hands-on workshops. Teachers mentors students.
further your knowledge back at home with all the insights from their class/group discussions.
