Explanation:
Lichen is the best species to determine the pollution of air. They are highly sensitive to pollution and will barely be found growing on trees or rock in regions where the air has been polluted.
Worms are also a good indicators of pollution in the soil. Polluted soils will have very few to no worms.
Small invertebrates like the Caddisfly are used to determine pollution of water. They are very sensitive to water pollution and cannot be found in polluted waters. In addition toads and frogs are rare in polluted waters and air.
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Punnett square-
R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr
So RR, Rr, and rr are possible outcomes.
The answer is D.
Answer:
The classic tool to predict the patterns of heredity is using a <u>Punnett Square</u>.
Explanation:
In genetics, a trait can be considered dominant or recessive. Since the important discoveries of Gregor Mendel, scientists use a <u>capital letter (D) to indicate a trait is dominant, and a lowcase letter (d) to show a trait is recessive. </u>
Assuming that a scientist knows the genotype for the desired trait they want to predict on the offpsring, a Punnett Square is<u> a reliable tool and a graphic representation that permits them to visualize the potential features of the offspring by showing how the alleles may be exhibited and passed on the offspring and will determine the possible combination of genotypes.</u>
<em>How does it work?</em>
For example, as we can observe in the image below, both parents are homozygous for a trait <em>PP=Purple; pp=white</em>. P is dominant and p is recessive (the color purple will be dominant, and the white will be recessive). So, we put one parent's genotype in the top row (PP) and the other parent's genotype in the left column (pp) and combine one of each letters on the squares, <em>i.e</em>. one of each parent's alleles. Then, we can observe in the results that 3 of the offspring will exhibit the purple color (PP, Pp, Pp) and only one will exhibit the white recessive color (pp); or more properly known as a genotypic ratio of 3:1.
Answer:
Cell
Explanation:
Cell the essential membrane- bound unit that contains the key particles of life and of which every living thing are formed.
These cells collaborate with other specific cells and become the structure squares of huge multi cell living beings, for example, people and different creatures.
The levels of organization range from a single organelle all the way up to a highly structured hierarchy.cell governs all physical and chemical process in life.
The discoloration of the skin and sclera associated with jaundice is caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood.
<h3>
What is bilirubin?</h3>
A reddish-orange substance called bilirubin is produced by vertebrates' typical catabolic process, which breaks down heme. The body needs to go through this catabolism to get rid of waste products that result from the oxidation of old or dysfunctional red blood cells. Elevated levels could be a sign of liver illness or injury. Direct bilirubin levels that are higher than usual in your blood may be a sign that your liver isn't properly removing bilirubin. Increased indirect bilirubin levels could be a sign of other issues. Bilirubin is created in the body as a result of the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs). The bile duct contains the bilirubin once it has traveled to the liver. Bilirubin is ultimately eliminated by the body through stools. Brown and yellow bilirubin is the pigment that gives feces their brown hue.
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