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3 years ago

Put the events of the light dependent reactions in the order in which they occur and describe how each step is dependent

1 answer:

3 0

Photosynthesis is a process in which light dependent reactions is undertaken and can be studied elaborately. Photosynthesis is a process from which light energy transfers electrons from water to carbon hydroxide which produces carbohydrates. Water, Light intensity and temperature have huge hand in influencing the rate of photosynthesis.
1. Light energy is absorbed by electrons in the pigments and water molecules are split into Hydrogen atoms.
2. High Energy electrons move down the electron transport chain to pump the Hydrogen ions.
3. NADP+ molecules reacts with higher energy electrons along with H+ to form NADPH.
4. The H+ ions pass through ATP synthase causing the base to rotate and form ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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You measure levels of Ca2+ in various locations within a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber when the motor neuron is NOT d

gogolik [260]

Answer:

The correct answer is 3: "High levels of Ca2+ are expected to be found within the sarcoplasmic reticulum".

Explanation:

Muscular contraction is a highly regulated process that depends on free calcium concentration in the cytoplasm. Amounts of cytoplasmic calcium are regulated by sarcoplasmic reticulum that functions as a storage of the ion.

When a nerve impulse reaches the membrane of a muscle fiber, through acetylcholine release, the membrane depolarizes producing the entrance of calcium from extracellular space. The impulse is transmitted along the membrane to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, from where calcium is released. At this point, tropomyosin is obstructing binding sites for myosin on the thin filament. The calcium channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum controls the ion release, that activates and regulates muscle contraction, by increasing its cytoplasmic levels. When calcium binds to the troponin C, the troponin T alters the tropomyosin by moving it and then unblocks the binding sites, making possible the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. When myosin binds to the uncovered actin-binding sites, ATP is transformed into ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Z-bands are then pulled toward each other, thus shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, and producing muscle fiber contraction.

4 0

3 years ago

Why is it beneficial for an organism to have its tissues near its optimal temperature? List various functions or activities that

kykrilka [37]

Explanation:

Why is it beneficial for an organism to have its tissues near its optimal temperature? List various functions or activities that may be affected if the body temperature deviates too far from the temperature optimum (which functions or activities are mediated by proteins)?

a.) Muscle-movements

b.) Digestion of food

c.) Growth and development

Just about every aspect of an organisms daily functions are governed by the actions of proteins, be they structural proteins that determine cell shape, motor-protein that move vesicles inside the cell or allow muscle cells to contract, or be they enzymes that catalyze the vast majority of chemical reactions a cell has to engage in.

It turns out that every living organism gives off some heat. The difference between endotherms and ectotherms is merely the rate at which this heat is produced by the organism.

In fact, even plants and bacteria produce some heat as they go through their daily lives. This is evident in early spring, when the earliest spring flowers manage to thaw themselves through a solid ice layer, or when you overturn a compost heap on a crisp fall day in which bacteria decomposers are very active you will see steam rising from the pile.

What source have we already discussed that can produce this heat given off by organisms to their environment?

a) negative delta G of energetically coupled reactions.

Endotherms take advantage in particular of cellular respiration to ramp up that heat given off from energetically coupled reactions due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

As a consequence, endotherms maintain highly elevated rates of cellular respiration compared to ectotherms

b.) lowering of activation energy by an organism's enzymes

6 0

3 years ago

How does weathering shape earths surface

balu736 [363]

Answer: Weathering constantly changes the earth's surface by wearing away exposed surfaces, smoothing rough areas of rocks and causing rock materials to break down in time. Weathering creates soil and happens due to ice, wind, water, salt, acids and changes in temperature Gravity shapes the Earth's surface by moving weathered material from a higher place to a lower one.

3 0

2 years ago

In step 1, the insulating plate (such as plastic) becomes positive charged when rubbed with cloth. what is the name of this phen

CaHeK987 [17]

An insulating plate, such as plastic, tends to be positively charged when rubbed with cloth due to the piezoelectric effect. This phenomenon involves certain materials to generate charged particles as a response to mechanical stress applied to it. In this case, the mechanical stress was due to the rubbing motion.

3 0

2 years ago

Is the hydrogen ion concentration of a ph 3.8 solution higher or lower than the solution with a ph of 6.2

Rom4ik [11]

You can work out the concentration of H+ ions (denoted as [H+]) easily on a calculator if you know the pH, which you do. The easiest way to work out [H+] is to do $10^{-pH}$ . In your case, the maths here would be $10^{-3.8}$ , which gets you an answer of 1.58x $10^{-4}$ , or 0.000158. For 6.2 it would be $10^{-6.2}$ , which gives you 6.31x $10^{7}$ , or 0.00000063. As you can see, the concentration of H+ ions is greater in pH 3.8.

To put it simply, the [H+] decreases the higher up the pH scale you go, and increases as you go lower, but now you know the maths to work it out for yourself too.

5 0

3 years ago