Every species has different timespans. Some butterflies live 6 months, other live 7 years. However, most of their time they are caterpillars or are in a coccoon. Up to 6 years
The range of temperatures in which an insect is able to live and reproduce is one element of that organism's niche, a description of its ecological requirements.
I would say fossilization
Clouds can block light and heat from the Sun, making Earth's temperature cooler. You've probably noticed this kind of cooldown on a cloudy day. However, some heat from the Sun does get down to Earth. Clouds can trap that heat from the Sun.