Answer:
It was a protest against the sanctions placed on the caliph and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of Sèvres. The movement collapsed by late 1922 when Turkey gained a more favourable diplomatic position and moved towards Nationalism. By 1924 Turkey simply abolished the role of caliph.
Explanation:
A single individual. For example, Tsar Nicholas the second was "Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias".
Answer:
D. To prevent any one government group or person from becoming too powerful
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