Answer:
<em><u>The correct option is D) The two species have a common ancestor</u></em>
Explanation:
In evolutionary studies, homologous structures can be described as structures which are similar in organisms of different species because they had a common ancestor in the past. These structures may not perform the same function but are similar because they arose from a common ancestor. Hence, the bone in a bird's wing can be homologous to a bone in a lizard leg because they have a common ancestor in the past.
They re called granum singular and grana plural
Answer:
CCAGGCC
CCATCGA
GGCCATC
CAT
AGGCCAT
CATCGAG
Explanation:
Shotgun sequencing is a method used to determine the nucleotide sequence of entire chromosomes/genomes. This sequencing method consists of obtaining random DNA fragments which are subsequently classified by bioinformatic tools that ordering them according to overlapping sequences called contigs. In the whole-genome shotgun (WGS) technique, the entire genome of an organism is sequenced, being the critical factor the depth of sequencing, which refers to the quality of the sequencing reads (e.g., a depth of 20X indicates that the genome is sequenced 20 times by a sequencing machine). For the human genome, WGS became available after the completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP), which enabled the generation of a reference sequence for the whole human genome. The steps of the WGS technique are the following:
1. Preparation of isolated chromosomes
2. The DNA is sheared into small fragments
3. The DNA fragments of about 1 kilobase (1000 base pairs) are incorporated into plasmids which are cloned to render pure samples of each DNA fragment
4. The plasmid clones are sequenced by sequencing machines
5. Bioinformatic tools finally are used to link DNA fragments by their overlapping ends
<span>They are proteins that are secreted from fat cells to help regulate energy balance.</span>
