Enzymes are (usually) specific to the substrates they bind to. Thus, each enzyme has one and only one substrate structure they can metabolize, so even substrates with similar structures cannot be broken down by an enzyme specific to one of them.
Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
Answer:
b.It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.
Explanation:
Morgan and Cattell for the first time used the term ‘crossing over’. Crossing over takes place during prophase I of meiosis. During crossing over, chromosome segments of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes get exchanged. As a result, the daughter cells acquire different genetic materials. Thus, it provides genetic variation by creating a new combination of genes or get recombination and produces hybrids.
Answer:
The increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in in blood will lead to respiratory acidosis
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide in its normal level between 38 to 42 mm Hg plays vital roles in the human body like regulating the PH of the human blood, breathing regulation and other things. If the amount of carbon dioxide is high more than the range level, it will cause what is called respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is a situation in cause by decrease in ventilation i.e Oxygen level leading to increase in carbon dioxide and drop in PH level of the blood.
