According to the expectancy theory, the employee is likely to see the "effort-performance" relationship as weak and demotivating.
<h3>What is expectancy theory?</h3>
According to expectancy theory, people are more motivated to work hard if they believe their efforts will be noticed and rewarded.
The importance of expectancy theory are-
- When applied correctly, expectation theory can aid managers in understanding why people choose between various behavioural options.
- Managers should implement mechanisms that closely link rewards to performance to improve the relationship between effort and results.
- It is based on an individual's self-interest, who desires to maximize enjoyment and reduce dissatisfaction.
- This philosophy places a strong emphasis on perception and expectations, saying that reality is irrelevant. It places a focus on benefits or payoffs.
According to the Expectancy Value Theory (Vroom, 1964), two things affect why a person chooses to engage in a particular activity or action:
- Expectancy is the likelihood that a desired (instrumental) outcome will be attained as a result of the behaviour or activity.
- Value is the degree to which the individual appreciates the intended outcome.
To know more about the Expectancy Value Theory, here
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Answer:
B Cost of ingredients for cupcakes rises.
Explanation:
C. 60
Explanation:
Producer's Surplus means the value producer derives from selling goods. For example, if producer is willing to sell the product for a price 8 but consumers are willing to pay a higher price, let's say 20, then producer achieves a surplus of 12 per unit. Let's calculate the producer's surplus -
As per question, Reservation Price (RP) =20, Price (P) =8, & Quantity (Q) =10
The formula for Producer Surplus (PS) is as follow:
PS = 1/2 (RP - P) x Q
= 1/2 (20-8) x 10 = 60
D. All of the above.
Internet allows reaching out candidates from all over the world and at the same time does require you to physically be there for recruitment enabling you to conduct recruitment sessions from office. Further, the resumes and CVs would be sent online requiring no need for physical copies of them.
The given statement, "The board of directors oversees and ratifies strategic decisions and evaluates, rewards, and, if necessary, penalizes top managers" is true
<u>Explanation:
</u>
A board of directors is a team of experts elected by stockholders of a company to serve the interest of the stockholders and ensure that the company management behaves on their behalf. The Chairperson or Chairman of the Board is the head of the Board of Directors.
The board of directors supervises and ratifies strategic decisions as intermediaries between the owners and managers and reviews, awards and, if required, punishes top management.
These includes the following,
- Composition
- Leadership structure
- Interlocks
The Board decides on the employment and recruitment of employees, share price measures, payments, and employee compensation.
