Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
Answer:
ATP
Explanation:
We are well aware of the fact that ATP is considered to be the energy currency of the cell. If we talk about cell activities it needs an energy input. No doubt that H+ ions play an important role in electron transport chain step of the production of ATP, but the ultimate product which is used by the cell is ATP.
AMP and ADP are also energy sources but they contain less amount of energy as compared to ADP because in ATP there are three phosphate bonds and each bond upon breakage releases almost 7.3 kj/mol of energy. So it definitely will be more in ATP as compared to ADP and AMP.
Hope t help!
Mutations can occur during DNA replication if errors are made and not corrected in time. Mutations can also occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, sunlight and radiation.
I believe the answer is a deep oceanic trench. Hope this helped! <3
Answer:
on the front of the caprisun duh
Explanation:
