Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
Answer:
genetic mutation
Explanation:
they ancestors changed just a lil
1- they can be used as domestic fuel for cooking instead of kerosene or firewood that contribute to pollution
2-they can also used to generate electricity in rural areas as these areas has not enough resources of electricity
The plant cells communicate across cell walls through Plasmodesmata.
how do plant cells communicate across cell walls?
- Between tiny channels woven through the walls of neighboring plant cells, plant cells can communicate with one another through channels referred to as plasmodesmata.
- These channels enable chemicals to move freely between cells, allowing plants to grow regularly and form tissues and organs.
- However, plasmodesmata also act as entryways that viruses can employ to infect an increasing number of cells.
- Given these advantages and disadvantages, plants must balance the permeability of their plasmodesmata in order to move materials from one cell to another while preventing the spread of infection.
Learn more about the Plasmodesmata with the help of the following link:
brainly.com/question/6220658
#SPJ4
Answer:
3 long tails : 1 short tail
Explanation:
This question involves a single gene coding for tail length in mice. The allele for long tail (T) is dominant over the allele for short tail (t). This means that an heterozygous mice will possess the long tail length.
According to this question, in a cross between two hybrid or heterozygote mice i.e. Tt × Tt, the following gametes will be produced by each parent:
Tt - T and t
Using these gametes in a punnet square (see attached image), the following will be produced: TT, Tt, Tt and tt.
Offsprings with genotype TT, Tt and Tt will have a LONG TAIL while genotype tt will have a SHORT TAIL. Hence, the phenotypic ratio will be 3 long tails : 1 short tail.