Answer:
D) a genetic bottleneck
Explanation:
Genetic bottleneck refers to the sudden reduction in the population size due to some adverse climatic factors such as natural calamities. It changes the allele frequencies since the survivor population mostly have different allele frequencies than the original population.
In the given example, an earthquake kills 98% of the squirrels. The survivor population exhibits different allele frequencies for the gene responsible for the thickness of stripes. Therefore, it represents a genetic bottleneck.
Approximately 10% of the stored energy of an organism at one level of a food web is transferred to the tissue of the organism that consumes it at the next level of the food web.
<h3>What is food web and its importance ?</h3>
A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is a part multiple food chains. The importance of food webs is to describe feeding relationship among species in a community.
On an average only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next.
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Answer:
Empirical evidence of his ideas
Explanation:
The scientific process involves the formulation of hypotheses that enable to answer questions about the real world, and then to carry out experiments or observations that are used to confirm (or reject) such predictions. In the last 160 years, Darwin's ideas on 'descent with modification' have constantly been subjected to experimental assessment, and obtained data confirmed his observations. For example, molecular evidence based on the DNA and RNA -which constitute the genetic material of all living organisms- has shown the conservation of this process. In consequence, molecular evidence has been used to construct 'evolutionary' phylogenetic trees from DNA/RNA sequences. Moreover, evidence in genetics has shown the critical role played by mutations in the mechanism of natural selection proposed by Darwin, thus also confirming his theories. These are only some examples, and supporting evidence confirming Darwin's ideas has been collected from different research fields ranging from ecology to molecular biology.
