Answer:
2√3
Step-by-step explanation:
You recognize this as a 30°-60°-90° triangle, so you know the hypotenuse (R) is twice the length of the shortest side (√3).
The magnitude of R is 2√3.
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In case you haven't memorized the ratios for a 30°-60°-90° triangle, you can use trigonometry and the fact that ...
Sin = Opposite/Hypotenuse
sin(30°) = √3/R
R = √3/sin(30°) = √3/(1/2) = 2√3
Of course, doing this on your calculator will give a numerical answer, which you may not want.
There are two cases to consider.
A) The removed square is in an odd-numbered column (and row). In this case, the board is divided by that column and row into parts with an even number of columns, which can always be tiled by dominos, and the column the square is in, which has an even number of remaining squares that can also be tiled by dominos.
B) The removed square is in an even-numbered column (and row). In this case, the top row to the left of that column (including that column) can be tiled by dominos, as can the bottom row to the right of that column (including that column). The remaining untiled sections of the board have even numbers of rows, so can be tiled by dominos.
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Perhaps the shorter answer is that in an odd-sized board, the corner squares are the ones that there is one of in excess. Cutting out one that is of that color leaves an even number of squares, and equal numbers of each color. Such a board seems like it <em>ought</em> to be able to be tiled by dominos, but the above shows there is actually an algorithm for doing so.
