Answer:
One of the factors for the development of pyelonephritis, in addition to E. coli, is urinary retention and reflux (option a).
Explanation:
Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract caused by bacteria in the urine, such as Escherichia coli.
Under normal conditions, urine in the urinary bladder is aseptic, that is, without bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the urine indicates a urinary infection.
Urinary retention is the limitation of the expulsion of urine from the bladder. This promotes:
- <em>An increase in the amount of bacteria present in the bladder.
</em>
- <em>The pressure generated by urine retention causes the bladder to generate a retrograde flow - reflow - towards the ureters, leading the bacteria to the kidneys.
</em>
The result of urinary retention and reflux - when bacteria are present - is an infection in the upper urinary tract, called pyelonephritis.
Learn more:
Urinary tract infection brainly.com/question/4756206
Answer: a, to avoid overgrazing, vegetation loss and soil erosion
Explanation: I just finished the assignment and it was correct
Answer:
catabolite activator protein (CAP)
Explanation:
Catabolite activator protein (CAP) is a homodimeric transcriptional activator required for transcription initiation of catabolite-sensitive genes in <em>Escherichia coli</em>. CAP contains a ligand-binding domain at its N-terminus and a DNA-binding domain at its C-terminus. CAP activates transcription by binding at target DNA sites on promoter sequences, thereby enhancing the ability of the RNA polymerase to bind and initiate transcription. CAP binds cyclic AMP (cAMP) to increase CAP’s affinity to DNA and thus activates the transcription of genes for catabolism, such as the lactose (lac) operon genes (the lac operon is a set of genes that encode for enzymes taking part in lactose metabolism).
The addition of acetyl groups to histones leads to a weaker association of DNA in nucleosomes because they help to condense it into chromatin.
<h3>What is the relationship between histones and DNA?</h3>
Histones are a family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help to condense it into chromatin. Nuclear DNA does not appear on free linear strands; it is highly condensed and involves histones to fit inside the nucleus and participate in the formation of chromosomes.
<h3>How does DNA compact with histones?</h3>
Each chromosome is made up of a single molecule of double-stranded DNA wrapped around histones, the nucleosome. This fiber rewinds into a second level of compression, known as the solenoid. Most of the time, cells keep the DNA compacted in the selenoid loops attached to the chromosomal backbone.
Whit this information, we can conclude that the addition of acetyl groups to histones leads to a weaker association of DNA in nucleosomes because they help to condense it into chromatin.
Learn more about DNA in brainly.com/question/264225
