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Proteins are the macromolecules made of hundreds of amino acids. Proteins are most varied class of biological molecules and show the greatest variety of structures. Many have detailed three-dimensional folding patterns that result in a compact form, but others do not fold up at all and they are in random conformations. The function of proteins depends on their structure.
The secondary structure of protein fold together to form the 3D arrangement of a polypeptide chain that results into Tertiary structure which is a functional protein.
A genetic mutation. It's known as malformation. It can be caused by a trisomy in one of the alleles, or an affected gene.
Activation energy - is the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.