Answer:
The Bolshevik government signed in 1918 the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers that drove out Russia from WWI. The situation was so chaotic in Russia that it allowed the new authorities to focus on domestic issues, even at a terrible cost in terms of lost territory, wealth and population. At the same time, it meant the end of the Eastern Front to the dismay of the Allies on the Western Front. It gave relief to the German army fighting in France and added pressure to the Allied war effort.
Explanation:
Both invasion were greatly affected because both rulers tried to invade Russia during winters. Many soldiers died there because of cold weather. Napoleon tried to invade Russia without listening to his general's advice.
Hitler was unaware about situation, therefore, sent a huge force towards Russia. Many soldiers died during journey due to harsh weather. Others were captured by Russia or died in battle with h Russian forces..
Therefore geography gave Russia a big advantage in wars.
The answer is D. Checks and balances.