In Slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in theblank letters
of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better ona later memory task, illustrating thea.spacing effect.b.generation effect.c.cued recall effect.d.multiple trace hypothesis.
It is the name of the research Generation effect (delineation of a phenomena) that was done by Norman Slamecka and Peter Graf in the University of Toronto, Toronto Canada. It was tested on 24 volunteer students of introductory physiology in which each student was given 100 items separated by cards each card presented a word and the initial letter of the response e. g. (rapid-f). The participants were given five rules 1. Associate (lamp-light) 2. Category (Ruby-diamond) 3. Opposite (Long- short) 4. Synonym (sea-ocean) 5. Rhyme (save-cave), the students were given blocks of 20 cards with a new rule each time. Then 12 of the participants were tested again later and the results do not pointed significantly to the generation effect in the third experimentation with 24 participants divided this way 12(informed participants) and 12 (uninformed participants) The results had a clear cut and pointed to the generation effect. After five experiments there was established the existence of the phenomena in which when a word was generated in the presence of a stimulus and an encoding rule it was better remembered than when the same word was simply read under those conditions (Slamecka & Graf 1978).
