Explanation:
Endoplasmic reticulum is one of the cell organelles found in the cytoplasm of the cell. It is an important cell structure. It is made up of folded membranes.
- In the endoplasmic reticulum protein is synthesized.
- It helps in the transport of protein molecules to the golgi apparatus.
- Protein is usually folded in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Answer:
The frequency of the recessive allele, t is f(t) = q = 0.29.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
Limiting factors will affect a specific species that lives in an area for example a<span>ll </span>living<span> things need food, water, shelter and space to survive if i built a dam on a river that would be supplying water to the forest to the wild animals this will make a shortage of water for the animals and they could die from this shortage </span>
