Proteostasis is mediated by chaperone proteins and protease systems, together with cellular clearance mechanisms such as autophagy and lysosomal degradation.
Chaperone proteins control assembly and inaccurate folding by binding to and stabilizing partly or completely unfolded protein polypeptides till the polypeptide chain is completely synthesized. Chaperone proteins also confirm the stability of unfolded polypeptide chains as they are being translocated into the subcellular organelles.
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The horse and donkey, though closely related by sharing a common ancestor, are different species. They have different number of chromosomes hence pairing of homologous chromosomes during fusion of gametes becomes complicated. The mule will have an extra chromosome from the horse hence will have abnormalities such as sterility. A Mule is unable to reproduce due to this same phenomenon. Homologous chromosomes are not well paired for meiosis I.
Answer:
1. genotype of female: Bb
a. genotype of male: bb
b. white is dominant
c. female phenotype: white
male phenotype: black
<span>Answer
1. electrical signal travels toward the heart
2. signal by the nodes in the atrium</span>
3. the atria contract<span>
</span>4. signal received by the atrioventricular node
5. signal transferred to the ventricles
6. the ventricles contract
Heart has a pacemaker that will continually send a signal. The primary site of the pacemaker is at the sinoatrial node, on the top right atrium. This node will send a signal to atria (which will cause it to contract) and to the atrioventricular node.
Atrioventricular node located between atrium and ventricle. It will send the signal to the ventricle(by the bundle of his) and cause it to contract.
These are all true except <span>"D. Natural selection usually causes a species to change suddenly," which is false. Natural selection and the subsequent changes to a species takes many thousands of years to have observable results. </span>
