Answer:
(a) Microfilaments
(b) Microtubules
(c) Microtubules
(d) Microfilaments
(e) Intermediate filaments
(f) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
(g) Microfilaments, microtubules
(h) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
(i) Microtubules, microfilaments
(j) Microtubules
Explanation:
Microtubules (MTs) are dimers of the protein tubulin (alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits) and they are major components of the cytoskeleton. MTs play diverse cellular roles including, mechanical support (cytoskeleton), transport, motility, chromosome segregation, etc. Microfilaments (MFs) are protein filaments that also form part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. MFs consist of G-actin monomers assembled in linear actin polymers, and their functions include mechanical support, cytokinesis, changes in cell shape, amoeboid movement, endocytosis and exocytosis, etc. MFs associate with the protein myosin to generate muscle contractions. Actin filaments/MTs assembly from monomeric actin/tubulin is caused due to energy expenditure, where ATP/GTP bound to actin/tubulin is hydrolyzed during polymerization. Finally, intermediate filaments (IFs) are a type of cytoskeletal element composed of a heterogeneous group of structural elements, and they are not found in all eukaryotes. The primary function of the IFs is to contribute to the mechanical support for the plasma membrane where these filaments come into contact with other cells and/or with the extracellular matrix. The IFs are not directly involved in cell movement. All 3 types of cytoskeletal elements (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy when cells express chimeric MT/IF/MF.–GFP fusion proteins.
Answer:
D) heat.
Explanation:
"Thermal", as defined by Oxford Languages, is <em>relating to heat</em>. In the case of thermal energy therefore, it is simply referring to <em>how energy would react to either the heat, or the lack thereof.</em>
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Learn more on thermal energy, here:
brainly.com/question/11278589 - Relations of thermal energy with internal energy.
Answer:
Active Transport: Active transport pumps molecules through the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.
Passive transport, also known as passive diffusion, is a process by which an ion or molecule passes through a cell wall via a concentration gradient, or from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Explanation:
Answer:
Yes, a plant can reproduce without another plant involved.
No, there is no beginning of rock cycle.
Two ways in which carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere are burning of fossil fuels such as petrol and coal etc and respiration process.
Explanation:
This type of reproduction occurs in non seed bearing plants such as ferns and mosses etc. These plants reproduce by the formation of spores. Spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction in which only one plant is involved. In cellular respiration, glucose molecule is broken down and energy is released with carbon dioxide gas. Fossil fuels are also responsible for the emission of carbon dioxide gas after burning in vehicles and industries.
