Answer:
Two mountain ranges, the Alps and the Apennines<u> helped to prote,ct Rome from invasion. </u>The Apennines divide the Italian peninsula in half and, according to SPQR Online, allowed the Romans to mass forces for counter-attack whenever they were threatened.
Explanation:
Muhammad named his successor before died
The city's golden period was in the 14th century CE when the ruler Mansa Musa built mosques of pounded earth and established universities which gained the city international fame as a centre of Islamic learning.
